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| instruments_list = |insignia_caption = New Horizons Mission Logo}} ''New Horizons'' is an interplanetary space probe that was launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program. Engineered by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), with a team led by S. Alan Stern, the spacecraft was launched to study the Pluto system and, in its secondary mission, the Kuiper belt, performing a flyby of Pluto and one or more other Kuiper belt objects (KBOs).〔 On January 19, 2006, ''New Horizons'' was launched from Cape Canaveral directly into an Earth-and-solar escape trajectory with a speed of about . After a brief encounter with asteroid 132524 APL, ''New Horizons'' proceeded to Jupiter, making its closest approach on February 28, 2007, at a distance of . The Jupiter flyby provided a gravity assist that increased ''New Horizons'' speed by . The encounter was also used as a general test of ''New scientific capabilities, returning data about the planet's atmosphere, moons, and magnetosphere. Most of the post-Jupiter voyage was spent in hibernation mode to preserve on-board systems, except for brief annual checkouts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New Horizons: NASA's Mission to Pluto )〕 On December 6, 2014, ''New Horizons'' was brought back online for the Pluto encounter, and instrument check-out began. On January 15, 2015, the ''New Horizons'' spacecraft began its approach phase to Pluto. On July 14, 2015 11:49 UTC (07:49 EDT), it flew above the surface of Pluto, making it the first spacecraft to explore the dwarf planet.〔 Having completed its flyby of Pluto, ''New Horizons'' has maneuvered for a flyby of Kuiper belt object , expected to take place on January 1, 2019, when it is 43.4 AU from the Sun.〔〔 == History == (詳細はThe Planetary Society'', lobbying NASA for a reboot of ''Pluto Kuiper Express'' or, at the very least, a restart of a mission to Pluto. Internal divisions within NASA, including its Scientific Advisory Council, also voiced support for a Pluto mission. In response to the backlash caused by the cancellation of ''Pluto Kuiper Express'', Weiler decided to inaugurate a new class of missions that would fit between the big-budget Flagship Program and the low-budget Discovery Program, creating a compromise for missions such as the former ''Pluto Kuiper Express'', which proved to be too expensive for the Discovery Program. A competition was held, in which NASA would select a mission concept to fund as part of the first mission of the New Frontiers program. Stamatios "Tom" Krimigis, head of the Applied Physics Laboratory's space division, one of many entrants in the New Frontiers Program competition, formed the ''New Horizons'' team with Alan Stern in December 2000. Appointed as the project's principal investigator, Stern was described by Krimigis as "the personification of the Pluto mission".〔 ''New Horizons'' was based largely on Stern's work since ''Pluto 350'' and involved most of the team from ''Pluto Kuiper Express''.〔Stern, Alan; 〕 The ''New Horizons'' proposal was one of five that were officially submitted to NASA. It was later selected as one of two finalists to be subject to a three-month concept study, in June 2001. The other finalist, POSSE (Pluto and Outer Solar System Explorer), was a separate, but similar Pluto mission concept by the University of Colorado Boulder, led by principal investigator Larry W. Esposito, and supported by the JPL, Lockheed Martin and the University of California. However, the APL, in addition to being supported by ''Pluto Kuiper Express'' developers at the Goddard Space Flight Center and Stanford University,〔 were at an advantage; they had recently developed ''NEAR Shoemaker'' for NASA, which had successfully entered orbit around 433 Eros earlier in the year, and would later land on the asteroid to scientific and engineering fanfare. In November 2001, ''New Horizons'' was officially selected for funding as part of the New Frontiers program. However, the new NASA Administrator appointed by the Bush Administration, Sean O'Keefe, was not supportive of ''New Horizons'', and effectively cancelled it by not including it in NASA's budget for 2003. Weiler prompted Stern to lobby for the funding of ''New Horizons'' in hopes of the mission appearing in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey; a prioritized "wish list", compiled by the United States National Research Council, that reflects the opinions of the scientific community. After an intense campaign to gain support for ''New Horizons'', the Planetary Science Decadal Survey of 2003-2013 was published in the summer of 2002. ''New Horizons'' topped the list of projects considered the highest priority among the scientific community in the medium-size category; ahead of missions to the Moon, and even Jupiter. Weiler stated that it was a result that "() administration was not going to fight".〔 Funding for the mission was finally secured following the publication of the report, and Stern's team were finally able to start building the spacecraft and its instruments, with a planned launch in January 2006 and arrival at Pluto in 2015.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Horizons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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